Learn about step ladders, extension ladders, and more! Understand how to account for factors like height and load capacity to choose the best ladder for the job, whether it be for home improvement, electrical work, or simply accessing household storage. For both pros and beginners, stay safe and learn more about job site risks here.
This guide will cover step ladders, multi-position ladders, straight ladders, and extension ladders. A-frame ladders and extension ladders are covered more in-depth on the app.
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Ladder Factors To Account For
While their purpose is simple, there are many factors to ladders to account for when purchasing one: material, height, and load capacity.
Material
Ladders can be made of the following materials:
Wood
Fiberglass
Aluminum
Wood and fiberglass ladders can be used around electrical equipment while aluminum ladders cannot since they conduct electricity. Aluminum ladders are made to be lightweight compared to wood and fiberglass ladders. Overall, ladders should be built to be durable.
Height
Ladders come in a variety of heights. You typically want to use the shortest ladder possible for the job. Using a longer ladder can increase your chance of falling.
To avoid overreaching, match the height of your ladder to the reach you need. You should never be standing at the very top of your ladder. For step ladders, complete your job two rungs down from the top. For extension ladders, you should be three or four rungs down from the top. Overall, you should take these into consideration when purchasing the right height of your ladder.
Load Capacity
Ladders are rated to handle up to a specific amount of pounds. When using a ladder, calculate the weight of yourself as well as any tools, equipment, or clothing on the ladder overall. The duty ratings for a ladder's load capacity are separated into the following duty groups:
Light Duty (Type III) - 200 pounds
Medium Duty (Type II) - 225 pounds
Heavy Duty (Type I) - 250 pounds
Extra Heavy Duty (Type IA) - 300 pounds
Extra Heavy Duty (Type IAA) - 375 pounds
Find the duty rating on a sticker on the ladder. Be sure to stay under the limit of pounds a ladder can handle.
Types of Ladders
Certain environments and jobs would lead to different recommendations of the type of ladder you should use. Some ladders are built to be usable on stairs, others require a stable surface to lean on. Overall, there are many common types of ladders:
Step ladders
Multi-Position ladders
Straight ladders
Extension ladders
Step Ladders
Step ladders are a common A-frame ladder. They can be used anywhere since step ladders are self-supporting. Step ladders are used for indoor projects since they're not as tall in height.
There are many variations of step ladders for different circumstances. Two step ladders are short but stable, and telescoping step ladders are great for use on stairs. Some step ladders have a platform to help you stay stable and safe.
Multi-Position Ladders
Multi-position ladders can be used to be many different types of ladders. They may also be called folding ladders. These ladders can be manipulated to be a step ladder, extension ladder, single- or twin-sided ladder, you name it! This allows it to be versatile for any environment, even stairs.
Straight Ladders
Straight ladders, as opposed to A-frame ladders, must be leaned against a stable surface for use. These ladders are typically used for outdoor projects as they can be leaned against a wall for closer reach. These ladders are typically not recommended for stairs.
Extension Ladders
Extension ladders are great for reaching higher areas like rooftops. Extension ladders are a type of straight ladder, meaning they aren't self-supporting.
An extension ladder has two sliding segments. One sliding segment is fixed; the other can be used to extend the reach of the ladder. The sliding segment of the ladder is why the ladder is called an extension ladder. Hanging from this segment of the ladder is a rope that extends the ladder when pulled.
Since an extension ladder relies on gravity to keep the ladder against the roof, the angle of the ladder is important. The ladder should be at a 75-degree angle, making it less suitable for stairs. The end of the extension ladder must be at least 3 feet over the lip you are connecting the ladder to.
Once the ladder is in the correct position, you must lock the rung locks. Rung locks are braces that you will find near the bottom of the ladder. The braces dock onto a rung. The braces prevent the extended segment from sliding back down.
Ladder Care
Ladders are one of the most common tools used for home improvement projects or skilled trades professions. Whether you're using a straight, extension ladder or A-frame step ladder, handle each ladder as a tool with care.
Many recommendations mention that your ladders should have anti-slip feet to keep you safe. While fiberglass and aluminum ladders are built to withstand intense temperatures, high heats can reduce ladder strength.
If your ladder is not in use, it should be placed on a storage rack that keeps it straight. This prevents warping or bending of the ladder. The same goes with transporting ladders. Never use a broken ladder that may be corroded or have worn out parts.
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FAQs
What is the most important factor to consider when choosing a ladder?
The most important factors are ladder material, height, and load capacity. These considerations ensure safety during use, especially when choosing the right ladder for a specific task.
Can an extension ladder be used for tasks that require a lot of height?
Yes, an extension ladder is ideal for reaching high areas like rooftops. Extension ladders have adjustable lengths, allowing you to reach higher places safely.
What is the load capacity of a Type IA ladder?
A Type IA ladder can hold up to 300 pounds. This makes it suitable for heavy-duty tasks, ensuring stability and safety for individuals with additional equipment.
Is it safe to use an aluminum ladder around electrical equipment?
No, aluminum ladders conduct electricity and should not be used near electrical sources. For electrical safety, it's best to use fiberglass or wooden ladders, which do not conduct electricity.
What is the recommended height when using a ladder to avoid overreaching?
For step ladders, avoid standing at the top and leave two steps below the top. This provides better balance and reduces the risk of falling. For extension ladders, stand 3 to 4 steps down from the top.
How do I choose the right type of ladder for home improvement projects?
For home improvement, a versatile multi-position ladder or a stable step ladder might be the best choice, depending on the height and location of the task. Multi-position ladders can serve as multiple types, while step ladders are great for indoor use and smaller tasks.
Can a step ladder be used on stairs?
Yes, telescoping or multi-position step ladders are designed for use on stairs. These ladders can be adjusted to fit different heights and angles, making them perfect for uneven surfaces like stairs.
What is the significance of the weight capacity rating on a ladder?
The weight capacity rating indicates the maximum load a ladder can support, including the user's weight and any additional tools. Always ensure the total weight on the ladder stays below its rated capacity to ensure safety during use.
What type of ladder should I use for reaching high outdoor places like roofs?
Use an extension ladder for reaching high outdoor locations. Extension ladders provide the height needed for tasks such as cleaning gutters or accessing rooftops.
What is the difference between a step ladder and an extension ladder?
A step ladder is self-supporting and ideal for shorter tasks, often used indoors. An extension ladder, on the other hand, needs to be leaned against a stable surface and is used for reaching higher places, such as rooftops.
How do I determine the right height for a ladder?
When choosing the height of a ladder, always select the shortest ladder that will allow you to complete the task safely. For step ladders, avoid standing on the top and leave two steps below the top. For extension ladders, stand 3 to 4 steps down from the top to prevent overreaching.
Can I store my ladder outside?
It is not recommended to store ladders outside for extended periods, especially if they are made of wood or aluminum, as exposure to the elements can damage the materials. Fiberglass ladders can handle the elements better, but it's still ideal to store your ladder in a dry, sheltered place.
How can I ensure my ladder is stable while in use?
Ensure that the base of the ladder is on level, stable ground. If you're using an extension ladder, make sure it is positioned at a 75-degree angle. Always lock the rung locks on extension ladders, and never use a ladder on uneven surfaces.
What does the term "duty rating" mean when it comes to ladders?
Duty rating refers to the maximum weight a ladder can support. This includes the weight of the user and any tools or equipment. Ladder ratings include Light Duty (Type III), Medium Duty (Type II), Heavy Duty (Type I), and Extra Heavy Duty (Type IA and IAA).
Is it safe to use a ladder for household cleaning tasks?
Yes, using a ladder for household cleaning tasks is common, but make sure to choose a ladder that is appropriate for the task. A step ladder or multi-position ladder may be ideal for tasks like cleaning windows or reaching high shelves. Two step ladders can be great for cabinets. Be cautious before using your ladder on stairs.
Can a two-step ladder be used for tasks requiring more height?
A two-step ladder is typically best for short tasks or for reaching lower areas. For tasks requiring more height, it's safer to use a step ladder with more steps or an extension ladder rather than a two step ladder, depending on the task and height.
How do I maintain my ladder to ensure it stays safe for use?
Inspect your ladder regularly for any damage, such as cracked rungs, loose hardware, or bent legs. Keep it clean and store it in a dry location to avoid deterioration. If you spot any issues, repair or replace the ladder immediately before use.
What are some common uses for a multi-position ladder?
Multi-position ladders are extremely versatile and can be used as a step ladder, extension ladder, or even a scaffold, making them ideal for a wide range of home improvement tasks, including reaching high places, painting, and accessing stairs.
Quiz
Question #1: Which material ladder should you avoid when using a ladder near electrical equipment?
Wood ladder
Fiberglass ladder
Aluminum ladder
Click for the answer...
Question #2: What type of ladder is best for reaching high outdoor areas like rooftops?
Step ladder
Extension ladder
Two-step ladder
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Question #3: How many rungs should you leave from the top of a step ladder to ensure safe use?
One rung
Two rungs
Three rungs
Four rungs
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Question #4: What is the load capacity for a Type IA ladder?
200 pounds
225 pounds
250 pounds
300 pounds
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Question #5: Which ladder is self-supporting and commonly used for indoor projects?
Extension ladder
Multi-position ladder
Step ladder
Straight ladder
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